Peer Review Policy

Peer review is an editorial quality-control process, not a guarantee that a manuscript is error-free. Editors select reviewers for relevant expertise and independence and consider the substance of reports rather than votes alone.

Authors must not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to another journal. Reviewers must protect confidentiality, disclose conflicts, avoid coercive citation requests and refrain from using unpublished material. Editors must recuse themselves when impartial handling is not possible.

The journal may seek additional advice when reports conflict or when a specialist question requires further assessment. The final decision is recorded by the authorized editor. Post-publication concerns are evaluated separately and may result in a correction, notice, withdrawal or retraction.